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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Reliability and Validity01:29

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
04:46

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Published on: September 18, 2018

How valid are Web-based self-reports of weight?

Stephanie Erika Bonn1, Ylva Trolle Lagerros, Katarina Bälter

  • 1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. stephanie.bonn@ki.se

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|April 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Web-based self-reported weight is a valid data collection method. This study found a high correlation between online self-reports and measured weight, suggesting reliability for research.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Informatics
  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Self-reported anthropometric data is common in studies.
  • Web-based data collection is increasing, but its validity for weight is unknown.
  • Previous studies confirmed paper-based self-report validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate Web-based self-reported body weight against measured weight.
  • To assess the accuracy of online weight reporting.

Main Methods:

  • Compared Web-based self-reported weight with in-person measured weight.
  • Sample: 149 adults (77.2% women, aged 20-65).
  • Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation and mean difference calculation.

Main Results:

  • High Spearman correlation (0.98, P<.001) between self-reported and measured weight.
  • Mean difference of -1.2 kg (self-reported weight was lower, P<.001).
  • Individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m² or age ≥30 years significantly under-reported weight.

Conclusions:

  • Web-based self-reported weight is a valid method for data collection.
  • The method shows high accuracy and reliability.
  • Consideration of under-reporting in specific demographics is important.