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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Published on: August 8, 2017

The hypergenome in inheritance and development.

V Sgaramella1

  • 1Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige, IT–38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy. vittorio.sgaramella@gmail.org

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|April 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The genome is more dynamic than previously thought, involving DNA, RNA, and proteins. This

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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Published on: August 8, 2017

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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The traditional view of the genome as a stable DNA repository is challenged by new evidence.
  • Multicellular organisms exhibit dynamic genomic modifications beyond simple point mutations.
  • Interactions with RNA and proteins significantly influence genomic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a revised concept of the genome that incorporates its dynamic nature.
  • To introduce the term 'hypergenome' for this dynamic information-processing structure.
  • To highlight the implications of genomic dynamism for development, aging, and inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of existing data on genomic stability and modifications.
  • Integration of concepts from molecular biology, epigenetics, and developmental biology.
  • Comparative analysis of static genome models versus dynamic nucleoprotein complexes.

Main Results:

  • Genomic stability is an oversimplification; DNA undergoes various modifications (mutations, epigenetic marks).
  • The genome is a dynamic aggregate of DNA, RNA, and proteins, responsive to environmental cues and internal programs.
  • These dynamic variations influence phenotypic changes, aging, and transgenerational inheritance.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of the genome requires revision to include its dynamic, multi-component nature.
  • The proposed 'hypergenome' model better explains cellular responses to internal and external stimuli.
  • Understanding the hypergenome is crucial for comprehending organismal development, aging, and evolution.