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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
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As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
Distance Corrections01:15

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
09:10

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Angle measurement with laser feedback instrument.

Wenxue Chen1, Shulian Zhang, Xingwu Long

  • 1Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, College of Opto-electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.

Optics Express
|April 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel laser feedback instrument measures angles by converting wave plate rotation into phase retardation. This high-resolution, cost-effective device offers fast response for rotating object measurement.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Measurement Science and Instrumentation

Background:

  • Traditional angle measurement methods can be limited in resolution and speed.
  • Laser feedback systems offer potential for enhanced measurement precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop an innovative instrument for precise angle measurement.
  • To leverage laser feedback principles for a new angle sensing technique.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a wave plate within a laser feedback cavity.
  • Correlated the phase retardation of the wave plate with its rotation angle.
  • Identified characteristic points in the laser output curve modulated by feedback.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed an instrument for angle measurement based on laser feedback.
  • Demonstrated that angle can be converted to measurable phase retardation.
  • The instrument exhibits high resolution, compactness, flexibility, low cost, effective power, and fast response.

Conclusions:

  • The developed laser feedback instrument provides an effective method for angle measurement.
  • The technique offers significant advantages in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness.
  • This technology is suitable for measuring the angle of rotating objects.