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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting
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The alien limb phenomenon.

Jonathan Graff-Radford1, Mark N Rubin, David T Jones

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. graffradford.jonathan@mayo.edu

Journal of Neurology
|April 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alien limb phenomenon, a symptom of corticobasal syndrome, involves involuntary limb movements and estrangement. This study found alien limb is linked to parietal cortex damage, particularly in the right hemisphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Alien limb phenomenon is characterized by involuntary limb movements and a sense of detachment from the limb.
  • It is a key diagnostic feature of corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the differential diagnoses of alien limb.
  • To analyze features of alien limb across various etiologies in a large patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from Mayo Clinic (1996-2011).
  • Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed with alien limb.
  • Analysis of underlying etiologies and clinical features.

Main Results:

  • 150 patients with alien limb were identified.
  • Corticobasal syndrome was the most frequent etiology (n=108).
  • Other causes included stroke, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, and tumors.
  • All cases involved the parietal lobe, with a predilection for the right hemisphere in stroke-related cases.
  • Left-sided CBS was significantly associated with alien limb (p=0.004).

Conclusions:

  • Alien limb phenomenon is strongly associated with damage to the parietal cortex.
  • Right parietal lobe involvement is particularly implicated.
  • These findings suggest a disconnection between cortical areas contributes to the phenomenon.