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Nitrate assimilation in contrasting wheat genotypes.

Vanita Jain¹, Sangeeta Khetarpal, Rajib Das

¹Indian Council of Agricultural Research, KAB II, New Delhi, 110012 India.

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants : an International Journal of Functional Plant Biology

|April 11, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wheat plants with high nitrate reductase (HNR) show superior nitrogen utilization potential compared to low nitrate reductase (LNR) varieties. This enhanced nitrogen uptake and mobilization in HNR genotypes leads to higher grain yield.

Keywords:

Glutamate synthase Glutamine synthetase Nitrate reductase Nitrate uptake Wheat

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Area of Science:

Plant Physiology
Agricultural Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Nitrogen (N) availability often limits plant growth potential, especially during later growth stages.
Wheat genotypes with high nitrate reductase (HNR) exhibit greater efficiency in nitrogen assimilation pathways compared to low nitrate reductase (LNR) types.
Optimizing nitrogen supply can enhance plant nitrogen utilization, but genotype-specific responses are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) between high nitrate reductase (HNR) and low nitrate reductase (LNR) wheat genotypes under improved nitrogen availability.
To investigate nitrate uptake, assimilation enzyme activity, and nitrogen mobilization to grains in HNR versus LNR wheat genotypes.
To determine the physiological basis for higher nitrogen harvest in HNR wheat genotypes.

Main Methods:

Wheat genotypes HD 2285 (HNR) and HD 1981 (LNR) were grown in pots with nitrogen applied in three splits.
Nitrate uptake and enzyme activity in the nitrate assimilatory pathway were assessed in 15-day-old seedlings using hydroponics.
Flag leaves were analyzed at various growth stages to measure nitrate levels, total nitrogen, and enzyme activities.

Main Results:

HNR genotypes demonstrated higher nitrate uptake from the medium and increased activity of nitrate assimilatory enzymes compared to LNR genotypes.
Total nitrogen content and mobilization to grains were significantly higher in the HNR wheat genotype.
While LNR genotypes showed higher nitrate accumulation, HNR genotypes exhibited more efficient nitrogen assimilation and translocation.

Conclusions:

Higher nitrogen harvest in HNR wheat genotypes is attributed to the coordinated expression of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes.
Genotypic differences in nitrate reductase activity significantly influence nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.
A holistic approach targeting coordinated enzyme expression is beneficial for improving plant NUE.