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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

Gene regulation, modulation, and their applications in gene expression data analysis.

Mario Flores1, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yu-Chiao Chiu

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.

Advances in Bioinformatics
|April 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study unifies network modulator identification methods and extends the concept to competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. It provides a framework for dissecting gene regulation mechanisms and discovering novel regulatory pathways.

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Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2
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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2
10:10

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Published on: September 18, 2021

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Microarray and next-generation sequencing data analysis commonly focuses on tumor classification, marker detection, and transcriptional regulation via gene expression patterns.
  • Genetic regulatory network (GRN) approaches are utilized to identify dysregulation and potential therapeutic targets.
  • The concept of network modulators, impacting biological systems significantly, has emerged, with dedicated detection algorithms developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a unified mathematical description of existing network modulator identification methods.
  • To survey current modulator identification algorithms.
  • To extend the modulator framework to the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a unified mathematical framework for network modulator identification.
  • Conducted a survey of existing modulator identification algorithms.
  • Applied the modulator framework to ceRNA networks, illustrating network construction and modulation effects.

Main Results:

  • Presented a unified mathematical description for network modulator detection.
  • Demonstrated the application of the modulator framework to ceRNA networks, enabling the illustration of network construction and modulation effects.
  • Preliminary findings from the analyzed ceRNA networks were presented.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods can dissect regulated networks under various modulators.
  • The concept of 'modulation' is adaptable to diverse biological mechanisms for discovering novel gene regulation.
  • This work provides a foundation for understanding and analyzing complex RNA regulatory mechanisms within a network modulation framework.