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Related Concept Videos

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention
11:01

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Published on: September 18, 2015

Drug-eluting stents.

Patrick Whitlow1

  • 1Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Desk F25, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. whitlop@ccf.org

The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
|April 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Drug-eluting stents prevent adverse cardiac events by inhibiting cell growth and artery restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. These stents offer a safe and definitive treatment for coronary artery disease, reducing repeat procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Interventional cardiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common procedure for coronary artery disease.
  • Restenosis, or re-narrowing of the artery, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are significant risks following PCI.
  • Drug-eluting stents (DES) were developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of drug-eluting stents in reducing restenosis and MACE.
  • To assess the role of DES in both high-risk and optimal coronary lesions.
  • To determine if DES can make PCI a definitive treatment for coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the mechanism of action of DES, specifically their ability to inhibit cellular proliferation.

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Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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  • Analysis of outcomes in patients treated with DES, particularly in high-risk and optimal lesion subsets.
  • Review of data on restenosis rates and the need for repeat revascularization post-PCI with DES.

    • Main Results:

    • Drug-eluting stents effectively inhibit cellular proliferation, a key factor in restenosis.
    • In high-risk lesions, DES significantly limit restenosis and reduce the need for repeat revascularization.
    • In optimal lesions, DES demonstrate the potential to completely eliminate restenosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Drug-eluting stents are a valuable tool in interventional cardiology for managing coronary artery disease.
    • DES improve procedural outcomes by reducing restenosis and MACE, enhancing the safety and efficacy of PCI.
    • DES have established percutaneous intervention as a safe and definitive treatment option for coronary artery disease.