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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
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Fixed airflow obstruction among nonsmokers with asthma:a case-comparison study.

Paul Sexton1, Peter Black, Lian Wu

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. p.sexton@auckland.ac.nz

The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
|April 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Fixed airflow obstruction in asthma may be linked to longer asthma duration and increased systemic inflammation in nonsmokers. Childhood respiratory infections also appear to be a risk factor for developing this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Asthma Research

Background:

  • Asthma-related airflow obstruction is typically reversible, but fixed obstruction can occur.
  • Risk factors for fixed airflow obstruction in non-smoking asthma patients are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for fixed airflow obstruction in non-smoking adults with asthma.

Main Methods:

  • A case-comparison study involving non-smokers over 45 with asthma.
  • Groups were defined by spirometry: obstructed (FEV1 ≤ 70% predicted) and controls with normal lung function.
  • Data collected via questionnaires, interviews, spirometry, blood tests, exhaled nitric oxide, and skin prick tests.

Main Results:

  • Obstructed subjects had higher systemic inflammation, abnormal glucose homeostasis, and central obesity.
  • Longer asthma duration and childhood respiratory infections were more frequent in the obstructed group.
  • Insulin resistance features correlated with reduced FEV1, while cough and sputum were common in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Lifetime asthma duration may increase the risk of fixed airflow obstruction.
  • Asthma patients with fixed airflow obstruction show elevated systemic inflammation.
  • Chronic respiratory symptoms are prevalent even in non-smoking asthma patients without obstruction.