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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

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Oral virome in health and disease.

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)·2026
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Maternal periodontitis and orofacial clefts: Evidence and treatment.

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Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.

Periodontology 2000·2025
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The relationship between maternal periodontitis and congenital cytomegalovirus: A hypothetical model and therapeutic implications.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
06:06

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Periodontology: past, present, perspectives.

Jørgen Slots

    Periodontology 2000
    |April 12, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Periodontitis, an infectious disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues, arises from complex interactions between microbes, immune responses, environment, and genetics. This review covers its etiology, diagnosis, and diverse therapeutic strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Periodontology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Periodontitis is an infectious disease impacting tooth-supporting structures.
    • It presents diverse clinical, microbiological, and immunological features.
    • Etiology involves interactions between infectious agents, host immunity, environmental factors, and genetics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of periodontitis.
    • To cover key subdisciplines from etiopathogeny to therapy.
    • To emphasize diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, immunology, and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature and established concepts in periodontology.
    • Synthesis of knowledge on etiopathogeny, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic approaches.

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    Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
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    Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness

    Published on: March 14, 2025

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    Last Updated: May 12, 2026

    Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
    06:06

    Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

    Published on: May 9, 2022

    Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
    06:36

    Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness

    Published on: March 14, 2025

  • Discussion of systemic complications, anti-infective therapy, and reparative treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • Periodontitis etiology is multifactorial, involving dynamic interactions.
    • Understanding has evolved over 50 years, impacting clinical practice.
    • Key areas covered include diagnosis, risk factors, microbiology, immunology, and treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Periodontitis management requires understanding its complex etiology.
    • Therapeutic strategies encompass anti-infective, reparative, and self-care approaches.
    • Affordability and systemic links are crucial considerations in periodontitis care.