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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

Advances in bladder cancer imaging.

Shaista Hafeez¹, Robert Huddart

¹The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.

|April 12, 2013

Summary

Advanced imaging techniques like functional MRI and PET-CT are improving bladder cancer evaluation. These methods offer insights into tumor physiology for personalized treatment strategies, complementing standard CT and MRI staging.

Area of Science:

Radiology
Oncology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Bladder cancer evaluation relies on established imaging methods.
There is a continuous need for advanced techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and emerging imaging techniques for bladder cancer evaluation.
To discuss the role of functional imaging in characterizing tumor physiology and guiding treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of multidetector 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as standard modalities.
Exploration of functional imaging techniques including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT.

Main Results:

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An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Published on: July 28, 2012

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Published on: July 28, 2012

Functional imaging aids in characterizing tumor physiology and potential genotypic activity.
These advanced techniques enable tumor mapping and individualized treatment planning.
Early identification of treatment response is facilitated, allowing timely therapeutic adjustments.

Conclusions:

Functional imaging offers promising advancements in bladder cancer evaluation and management.
Further validation is necessary, and these methods currently augment, not replace, conventional imaging.