Active case finding for tuberculosis among high-risk groups in low-incidence countries

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is decreasing in many countries but remains concentrated in specific high-risk populations.
• These groups include migrants, homeless individuals, illicit drug users, alcoholics, and prisoners.
• This epidemiological shift necessitates targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence supporting active case finding (ACF) for TB in migrants and social risk groups.
• To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implemented TB screening interventions.
• To inform evidence-based TB control strategies in low-incidence settings.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of observational studies on active case finding in defined high-risk populations.
• Analysis of data on the cost-effectiveness of various TB screening tools and strategies.
• Synthesis of evidence to guide public health policy.

Main Results:

• Observational data suggest that active case finding is beneficial in identified high-risk groups.
• Evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific diagnostic tools for TB screening in these populations is limited.
• Comprehensive cost-effectiveness data for different screening strategies are still under development.

Conclusions:

• Active case finding is a potentially valuable approach for TB control in low-incidence countries targeting specific high-risk groups.
• Further research is crucial to determine optimal screening tools and cost-effective strategies.
• Global TB control also relies on effective disease management in high-burden countries.