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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

Gonadotrophins in ovulation induction.

N S Macklon1, B C J M Fauser

  • 1Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.s.macklon@umcutrecht.nl

Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|April 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gonadotrophin ovulation induction is a second-line therapy for anovulatory infertility. Careful monitoring and individualized FSH dosing are crucial for optimizing outcomes and minimizing risks like OHSS and multiple pregnancies.

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In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle
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In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

Published on: July 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle
09:30

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

Published on: July 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Infertility Treatment

Background:

  • Anovulatory infertility affects women who do not ovulate or conceive with clomiphene citrate.
  • Gonadotrophin ovulation induction is the standard second-line therapy for such cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve monofollicular development and ovulation in anovulatory women.
  • To differentiate ovulation induction goals from ovarian stimulation for IVF (multiple follicle development).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing low-dose step-up and step-down protocols for gonadotrophin ovulation induction.
  • Rigorous monitoring to ensure monofollicular development and prevent multiple follicle growth.
  • Employing prediction models to determine optimal FSH dosage and identify poor prognosis patients.

Main Results:

  • Both step-up and step-down protocols yield similar outcomes, though step-down is less common due to safety concerns.
  • Key risks include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies.
  • Individualized treatment and FSH dose optimization are essential for success.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized treatment strategies are necessary for optimizing ovulation induction outcomes.
  • Prediction models can help tailor FSH dosage and manage patient prognosis.
  • Further research is needed on the role of adjuvant therapies in ovulation induction.