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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

MS as a gateway disease.

Fred D Lublin1

  • 1The Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1138, New York, NY 10029-6574, United States.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|April 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent multiple sclerosis (MS) research has yielded 9 therapies targeting disease course. Future clinical trials will focus on addressing MS’s degenerative aspects, potentially benefiting other neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
DemyelinationInflammationMultiple sclerosisNeurodegeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology and neurodegenerative disease research.
  • Clinical trial design and therapeutic development.

Background:

  • Over the past 20 years, multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical research has led to significant advancements.
  • Nine therapies that modify the disease course of MS are now available.
  • Extensive knowledge has been gained regarding the science of MS clinical trials, particularly for anti-inflammatory treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To leverage existing knowledge from MS clinical trials.
  • To address the degenerative aspects of multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore potential benefits for other neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of past MS clinical trial methodologies.
  • Application of established trial principles to new therapeutic targets.
  • Focus on treatments addressing neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of 9 disease-modifying therapies for MS.
  • Deepened understanding of anti-inflammatory treatment trials in MS.
  • Established a foundation for future neurodegenerative research.

Conclusions:

  • The success in treating the inflammatory aspects of MS provides a strong basis for tackling neurodegeneration.
  • Applying lessons learned from MS trials could accelerate progress in treating other neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Future research directions should prioritize therapies targeting the degenerative processes in MS and beyond.