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Periodontitis as risk factor for acute myocardial infarction: A case control study
Sujal M Parkar1, Gunjan N Modi, Jalak Jani
1Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat, India.
Summary
Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) show poorer periodontal health compared to healthy individuals. This study suggests a link between chronic oral infections and myocardial infarction, highlighting periodontitis as a potential risk factor.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Periodontology
- Oral Health
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting oral health.
- The relationship between periodontal status and cardiovascular events requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the periodontal status in patients who have experienced AMI.
- To determine if periodontitis is a significant risk factor for AMI.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 60 participants (30 AMI patients, 30 controls).
- Assessment of oral hygiene (OHI-S) and periodontal status (CPI, LOA) using WHO methodology.
- Data analysis included Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression models.
Main Results:
- AMI patients exhibited significantly higher OHI-S scores (3.98 vs. 3.11, P < 0.001).
- Higher severity of periodontitis (CPI and LOA) was observed in the AMI group (P < 0.001).
- Multiple logistic regression indicated significant associations for OHI-S (OR 0.13) and LOA (OR 0.79).
Conclusions:
- Patients with AMI demonstrate poorer periodontal conditions compared to healthy controls.
- The findings suggest a significant association between chronic oral infections and myocardial infarction.
- Periodontitis may be a contributing risk factor for AMI.
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