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Enhanced optical second-harmonic generation from the current-biased graphene/SiO2/Si(001) structure.

Yong Q An1, Florence Nelson, Ji Ung Lee

  • 1College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12203, USA. yan2@albany.edu

Nano Letters
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Direct current electric current enhances optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in graphene by three times. This current-induced SHG effect is linked to charge trapping at the graphene/SiO2 interface, causing a phase inversion.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique optical properties due to its 2D structure.
  • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon sensitive to material symmetry.
  • Graphene on silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrates is a key system for electronic and photonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of direct current (DC) electric current on optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in graphene.
  • To understand the mechanism behind current-induced SHG enhancement and phase inversion.
  • To explore the role of charge trapping at the graphene/SiO2 interface.

Main Methods:

  • Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements in reflection.

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  • Rotational anisotropy SHG analysis.
  • Utilizing a chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) graphene monolayer on a SiO2/Si(001) substrate.
  • Applying direct current (DC) electric current to the graphene.

    • Main Results:

    • DC electric current enhances SHG in graphene by approximately three times.
    • Current-induced SHG exhibits a phase inversion along the lateral direction of current flow.
    • Charge trapping at the graphene/SiO2 interface is identified as the source of enhancement.
    • The trapped charges induce a vertical electric field, leading to electric field-induced SHG.

    Conclusions:

    • DC current significantly boosts SHG in graphene through interface charge trapping.
    • The observed phase inversion in current-induced SHG is attributed to polarity switching of trapped charges.
    • This study reveals a novel method for modulating nonlinear optical responses in 2D materials.