Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence of autism in children with epilepsy: A population-based study.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same author

Autoimmune Causes of Epilepsy.

Neuroimaging clinics of North America·2026
Same author

Zorevunersen in Children and Adolescents with Dravet Syndrome.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

NINDS: Celebrating 75 Years of Advancing Epilepsy Research.

Epilepsy currents·2026
Same author

Intellectual function and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Disparities across the pediatric epilepsy surgery journey: Referral, recommendation, and completion from a national consortium.

Epilepsia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Early onset epilepsy is associated with increased mortality: a population-based study.

Brian D Moseley1, Elaine C Wirrell, Lily C Wong-Kisiel

  • 1Divisions of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. briandmoseley@gmail.com

Epilepsy Research
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with early onset epilepsy face significantly higher mortality risks. Underlying causes, not seizures, are the primary drivers of death in these young patients.

Keywords:
Early onset epilepsyMortalityNeonatal onset epilepsyPediatric epilepsy

More Related Videos

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Early onset epilepsy presents a significant health challenge in children.
  • Understanding mortality patterns is crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mortality rates and associated factors in children with early onset epilepsy.
  • To compare mortality in early onset epilepsy with the general pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study design.
  • Analysis of mortality data including case fatality (CF), mortality rate (MR), and standardized mortality ratio (SMR).
  • Stratification of analysis for neonatal epilepsy (age < 1 month).

Main Results:

  • Children with early onset epilepsy exhibited significantly higher mortality (CF 8/60 vs. 8/407, p<0.001; MR 14.5/1000 vs. 2/1000 person years; SMR 22.25 vs. 5.67).
  • Mortality was markedly elevated in malignant neonatal epilepsy (CF 4/12 vs. 12/450, p<0.001; MR 54/1000 vs. 2.7/1000 person years; SMR 46.55 vs. 7.22).
  • Seizures were implicated in only 1/8 of early onset epilepsy deaths, suggesting etiology is a greater factor.

Conclusions:

  • Early onset epilepsy is associated with a substantially increased risk of mortality in children.
  • Malignant neonatal epilepsy carries an exceptionally high mortality burden.
  • The underlying etiology, rather than seizures, appears to be the predominant determinant of mortality in early onset epilepsy.