Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of BPD using the baboon and sheep models

Area of Science:

• Neonatal physiology
• Pulmonary medicine
• Chronic lung disease research

Background:

• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease in US infants.
• Increased survival of preterm infants with BPD necessitates understanding long-term pulmonary complications.
• These complications include impaired gas exchange, pulmonary hypertension, and airway resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review insights from large-animal physiological models of neonatal chronic lung disease.
• To enhance understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying BPD.
• To propose an epigenetic hypothesis for BPD pathogenesis and its persistent morbidities.

Main Methods:

• Focus on physiological models using preterm baboons.
• Focus on physiological models using preterm lambs.
• Review of existing literature on neonatal chronic lung disease models.

Main Results:

• Large-animal models provide unique physiological insights into neonatal chronic lung disease.
• These models aid in elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving BPD.
• An epigenetic hypothesis is proposed for BPD development and its sequelae.

Conclusions:

• Preterm baboon and lamb models are valuable for studying BPD.
• These models facilitate a deeper understanding of BPD's molecular pathogenesis.
• Epigenetic mechanisms may play a significant role in BPD and its chronic pulmonary outcomes.