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[Lower respiratory tract infections related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii]

A Baranzelli1, F Wallyn, S Nseir

  • 1Service de réanimation médicale, hôpital A.-Calmette, CHRU de Lille, boulevard du Pr-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France.

Revue De Pneumologie Clinique
|April 16, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii cause increasing infections, particularly in ICUs. Rising antimicrobial resistance complicates treatment, necessitating new strategies and strict infection control measures.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii are Gram-negative bacilli frequently causing hospital-acquired infections.
  • These pathogens are increasingly implicated in lower respiratory tract infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Their ability to develop antimicrobial resistance poses significant clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing incidence and clinical significance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
  • To discuss the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance in treating these infections.
  • To emphasize the need for improved treatment strategies and preventive measures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii epidemiology and resistance patterns.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding infections caused by these pathogens, focusing on ICU settings.
  • Evaluation of current treatment guidelines and emerging resistance trends.

Main Results:

  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii are significant causes of nosocomial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteremia.
  • High rates of antimicrobial resistance are observed, complicating the use of first-line treatments like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and carbapenems.
  • Infections associated with these bacteria are linked to substantial morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii infections is hampered by rising antimicrobial resistance.
  • There is a critical need for novel antimicrobial agents and further clinical trials.
  • Prevention strategies, including hand hygiene and judicious antibiotic use, are essential to control the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms.
Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniiBPCOCOPDCystic fibrosisExacerbationMucoviscidosePneumoniaPneumonieStenotrophomonas maltophiliaTraitementTreatment

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