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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
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Published on: February 24, 2023

The menopause and aging, a comparative perspective.

Caleb E Finch1

  • 1Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Neurobiology, Dornsife College, 3715 McClintock Ave, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States.

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause involves ovarian follicle loss and irregular cycles in mammals, including rodents and humans. Rodent models show hypothalamic dysfunction, unlike sporadic changes in peri-menopausal women, suggesting distinct aging pathways.

Keywords:
Hypothalamic impairmentsOocyte lossSTRAW criteria

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Area of Science:

  • Comparative neuroendocrinology
  • Reproductive aging research
  • Mammalian menopause models

Background:

  • Menopause is characterized by ovarian aging and hormonal shifts.
  • Laboratory rodent models offer insights into reproductive aging processes.
  • The STRAW (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop) criteria provide a framework for comparing reproductive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuroendocrinology of menopause from a comparative perspective.
  • To compare reproductive aging changes in laboratory rodents and humans using the STRAW criteria.
  • To investigate hypothalamic changes associated with menopause in rodents and their relevance to human peri-menopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of neuroendocrine changes during reproductive aging.
  • Utilizing laboratory rodent models to study menopause-related phenomena.
  • Comparison of findings with the 2011 STRAW criteria for reproductive aging stages.

Main Results:

  • Ovarian follicle depletion and irregular ovulatory cycles are conserved across mammals.
  • Rodents exhibit prominent hypothalamic impairments in gonadotropin surges, unlike sporadic changes in peri-menopausal women.
  • Rodent models show associations between LH surge impairment and sustained estradiol with low progesterone ('unopposed estradiol').

Conclusions:

  • Rodent models provide valuable comparative insights into menopause neuroendocrinology.
  • Hypothalamic desensitization to estradiol appears more pronounced and potentially irreversible in aging rodents than in peri-menopausal women.
  • Further research, including cognitive assessments in clinical trials, is needed to understand the long-term effects of hormonal changes during menopause.