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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Second Uniqueness Theorem01:16

Second Uniqueness Theorem

Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Multiple quantum criticality in a two-dimensional superconductor.

J Biscaras1, N Bergeal, S Hurand

  • 1LPEM-UMR8213/CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.

Nature Materials
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied quantum phase transitions in superconducting interfaces. They found the behavior aligns with the (2+1)D XY model, revealing single or double critical behaviors based on conductance.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Many-Body Physics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at oxide interfaces exhibit phenomena like high mobility, magnetism, and superconductivity.
  • These properties are crucial for potential applications and fundamental quantum many-body effect studies.
  • Superconducting interfaces offer a platform to investigate quantum phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the magnetic-field-driven quantum phase transition in electrostatically gated superconducting LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interfaces.
  • To determine the universality class of this quantum phase transition.
  • To construct a phase diagram relating critical field to 2DEG conductance.

Main Methods:

  • Finite-size scaling analysis was employed to study the quantum phase transition.
  • The system was modeled as a disordered array of superconducting puddles coupled by a 2DEG.
  • The coherence-length critical exponent (ν) was retrieved to analyze critical behavior.

Main Results:

  • The quantum phase transition was identified as belonging to the (2+1)D XY model universality class.
  • The critical behavior was observed to be either single or double, depending on the 2DEG conductance.
  • A phase diagram was constructed, showing agreement with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the quantum critical behavior in superconducting interfaces, linking it to the (2+1)D XY universality class.
  • The findings highlight the role of 2DEG conductance in determining single or double critical phenomena.
  • The quantum critical behavior can be classified as clean or dirty based on the Harris criterion and phase-coherence length relative to puddle size.