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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

Stem Cell Niche

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

Published on: January 26, 2024

The ageing haematopoietic stem cell compartment.

Hartmut Geiger¹, Gerald de Haan, M Carolina Florian

¹Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89091 Ulm, Germany. hartmut.geiger@uni-ulm.de

Nature Reviews. Immunology

|April 16, 2013

Summary

Stem cell ageing drives immune system ageing. Targeting molecular pathways may reverse haematopoietic stem cell ageing and aspects of immunosenescence.

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Immunology
Hematology

Background:

Stem cell ageing contributes to tissue ageing, particularly in high-turnover tissues.
Immune system ageing (immunosenescence) originates from the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) hierarchy.
Ageing HSCs are a key factor in immunosenescence.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the phenotypes of ageing HSCs.
To discuss cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms driving HSC ageing and immunosenescence.
To explore potential therapeutic targets for HSC rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of stem cell ageing and immunosenescence.
Analysis of HSC phenotypes associated with ageing.
Discussion of molecular pathways involved in HSC ageing.

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Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

Published on: July 8, 2012

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

Published on: January 26, 2024

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

Published on: July 8, 2012

Main Results:

Ageing HSCs exhibit distinct phenotypes.
Both intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic microenvironmental factors contribute to HSC ageing.
Specific molecular pathways are implicated in HSC ageing and immunosenescence.

Conclusions:

HSC ageing is a significant driver of immunosenescence.
Targeting molecular pathways offers potential for rejuvenating HSCs.
Reversing HSC ageing may mitigate aspects of immune system decline.