Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs salivated...
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke depression: protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Association of Protein C, but Not Protein S or Antithrombin With Ischemic Stroke: Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Aggregation-induced luminescence probe based lateral flow immunoassay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of IL-6/PCT" [J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 273 (2026) 117393].

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis·2026
Same author

Gender Difference in Satisfaction with Nursing Home Services Among Disabled Elderly Inpatients Across Disease Categories: A Multi-Center Study.

Patient preference and adherence·2026
Same author

Clinical efficacy and safety of interventional embolization combined with early rehabilitation in the management of post-traumatic shoulder periarthritis.

BMC surgery·2026
Same author

Heparanase-Loaded CAR T Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Colorectal Tumour Microenvironment and Boost T Cell Antitumor Immunity.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Gaze behavior during closed-captioned movie viewing adapts to absent audio through more frequent switching between text and scene.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

In pursuit of saccade awareness: Limited volitional control and minimal conscious access to catch-up saccades during smooth pursuit eye movements.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Dissociable effects of element-lifetime and stimulus-duration on local and global motion processing: An equivalent noise study.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

The classical TDT perceptual learning is mostly temporal learning.

Rui Wang1, Lin-Juan Cong, Cong Yu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Journal of Vision
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceptual learning in texture discrimination tasks primarily involves temporal learning, not texture discrimination itself. This finding reinterprets existing data on neural mechanisms of perceptual learning.

More Related Videos

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The seminal study on texture discrimination task (TDT) learning has significantly influenced the field of perceptual learning.
  • Previous research often assumes TDT improvement reflects enhanced texture discrimination abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of learning in the classic texture discrimination task (TDT).
  • To differentiate between temporal learning and true texture discrimination learning within TDT.

Main Methods:

  • Observers underwent a letter identification task with backward masking to saturate temporal learning.
  • Subsequently, participants performed a backward-masked TDT.
  • Learning was assessed by comparing performance before and after training.

Main Results:

  • Temporal learning accounted for the majority of the improvement observed in the TDT.
  • The study suggests that TDT learning is predominantly temporal in nature.
  • Location specificity of TDT learning was found to be dependent on training duration.

Conclusions:

  • Classic TDT learning is largely driven by temporal processing improvements, not texture feature enhancement.
  • This challenges the conventional interpretation of TDT as a pure measure of texture discrimination.
  • Findings offer a new framework for understanding the neural basis of perceptual learning using TDT data.