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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye
08:04

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Published on: October 31, 2019

Towards a dynamic customised therapy for ocular surface dysfunctions.

Pasquale Aragona1, Maurizio Rolando

  • 1Department of Surgical Specialties, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic ocular surface disease requires dynamic, personalized therapy. Tailoring treatments to individual patient needs and disease progression is crucial for sustained improvement and better tolerance.

Keywords:
ConjunctivaCorneaOcular surfaceTearsTreatment Medical

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease
  • Dry Eye Disease

Background:

  • The ocular surface is a dynamic system constantly adapting to environmental and internal stressors.
  • Failure to adapt can lead to chronic ocular surface dysfunction and disease.
  • Disease progression involves cycles of worsening and improvement with structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for dynamic and personalized therapeutic strategies for ocular surface disease.
  • To outline key targets for an ideal therapeutic approach.
  • To advocate for a patient-oriented approach over schematic treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the pathophysiology of ocular surface disease.
  • Analysis of therapeutic challenges in chronic conditions.
  • Identification of essential components for an optimal treatment strategy.

Main Results:

  • Ocular surface disease is characterized by adaptive responses and potential vicious cycles.
  • Therapy must be long-term, dynamic, and tailored to individual patient conditions.
  • Key therapeutic targets include tear film, epithelial changes, inflammation, and nerve function.

Conclusions:

  • A one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach is inadequate for ocular surface disease.
  • An ideal strategy integrates tear film quality, epithelial health, inflammation control, and nerve function.
  • Customized, patient-centered therapies promise more effective and better-tolerated outcomes.