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Published on: October 17, 2015
Structural biology of presenilins and signal peptide peptidases
Taisuke Tomita1, Takeshi Iwatsubo
1Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. taisuke@mol.f.utokyo.ac.jp
Abstract:
Presenilin and signal peptide peptidase are multispanning intramembrane-cleaving proteases with a conserved catalytic GxGD motif. Presenilin comprises the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, a protease responsible for the generation of amyloid-β peptides causative of Alzheimer disease. Signal peptide peptidase proteins are implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Both protease family proteins have been recognized as druggable targets for several human diseases, but their detailed structure still remains unknown. Recently, the x-ray structures of some archaeal GxGD proteases have been determined. We review the recent progress in biochemical and biophysical probing of the structure of these atypical proteases.
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