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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
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Published on: July 13, 2014

Is caffeine consumption safe during pregnancy?

Sara Morgan1, Gideon Koren, Pina Bozzo

  • 1Motherisk Team, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
|April 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Moderate coffee consumption during pregnancy, defined as 1-2 cups daily, is generally not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most data suggest caffeine intake of 300 mg/d or less poses no significant risk for spontaneous abortion or other fetal complications.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Dietary caffeine consumption during pregnancy is a common concern for expectant mothers.
  • Previous studies have yielded conflicting data regarding the safety of caffeine intake, particularly at higher doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address a clinical question regarding the potential link between moderate coffee consumption and miscarriage.
  • To provide guidance on the safety of daily caffeine intake during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and data on caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the association between dietary caffeine and risks such as spontaneous abortion, fertility, and neurodevelopmental issues.

Main Results:

  • Conflicting data exist regarding fetal safety of dietary caffeine, especially at levels of 300 mg/d or higher.
  • Most available data do not indicate an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, fertility, or neurodevelopmental outcomes with caffeine consumption at or below 300 mg/d.

Conclusions:

  • Consumption of 1 to 2 cups of coffee per day is unlikely to be a concern for most pregnant individuals.
  • While assessing the precise risk of spontaneous abortion with caffeine is challenging, moderate intake appears safe based on current evidence.