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Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...

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Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan
11:39

Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan

Published on: September 7, 2019

Proteoglycans in stem cells.

Leyla Gasimli1, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick

  • 1Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry
|April 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteoglycans (PGs) are key to controlling stem cell (SC) differentiation for regenerative medicine. Studying PGs offers insights into SC development and potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Glycobiology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Stem cells (SCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and drug discovery.
  • Controlling SC differentiation is a major challenge, involving genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic regulation.
  • Proteoglycans (PGs), composed of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, are crucial cell surface and extracellular matrix components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of proteoglycans (PGs) in stem cell (SC) differentiation.
  • To explore PGs as potential targets for manipulating SC fate and advancing regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the structural components of PGs, including core proteins and GAG chains.
  • Examination of PG interactions with signaling molecules like chemokines and growth factors.
  • Investigating the function of PGs in mediating cell-extracellular environment interactions.

Main Results:

  • PGs facilitate SC interactions with their environment by binding signaling molecules.
  • Core proteins of PGs are involved in various signaling pathways, influencing cell behavior.
  • PGs are identified as essential targets for manipulating SC differentiation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the role of PGs in cell development provides insight into SC differentiation mechanisms.
  • PGs offer promising strategies for directing SC fate and developing new therapeutic approaches.
  • PGs may serve as valuable markers for identifying distinct cell populations during differentiation.