Programmable valve represents an efficient and safe tool in the treatment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus

Matheus Fernandes de Oliveira1, Felippe Saad, Rodolfo Casimiro Reis

  • 1Neurosurgery Residency Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil. mafernoliv@yahoo.com.br

Abstract

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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...