The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap
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Updated: May 12, 2026
In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Published on: June 8, 2013
Ken G W Teo1, Warren M Rozen, Rafael Acosta
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Geelong Hospital, Bellerine, Australia.
Introduction:
The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) is a workhorse flap for head and neck reconstruction and a flap of choice for anterior chest wall reconstruction.
Methods:
A thorough review of the literature was undertaken, exploring the full range of designs, variations, indications, and outcomes of the PMMF.
Results:
Numerous modifications have been documented since it was first described in 1968. Complication rates vary greatly in the literature, but most institutions describe significant success with the PMMF. It is fast, versatile, reliable, and a good alternative when microsurgical flap failure occurs. A classification system of skin paddles is presented.
Conclusion:
In the era of free tissue transfer, the PMMF still has its advantages and continues to command an important place in the reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium.
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