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General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Inducible and Reversible Dominant-negative (DN) Protein Inhibition

Inducible and Reversible Dominant-negative (DN) Protein Inhibition

Published on: January 7, 2019

Effect of β‑globin MAR characteristic elements on transgene expression.

Qin Li¹, Weihua Dong, Tianyun Wang

¹Laboratory of Analytical and Testing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, P.R. China.

Molecular Medicine Reports

|April 17, 2013

Summary

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) enhance transgene expression, but their specific elements do not boost expression alone. This finding impacts gene expression vector design for improved outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Published on: January 7, 2019

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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

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Published on: November 5, 2012

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are DNA elements crucial for organizing chromatin structure.
Understanding MARs' role in transgene expression is vital for developing effective gene delivery vectors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of human β-globin MAR and its characteristic elements on transgene expression.
To determine if MAR elements alone can enhance gene expression in eukaryotic cells.

Main Methods:

Human β-globin MAR was amplified via PCR and its elements synthesized.
Synthesized MAR fragments were cloned into eukaryotic expression vectors.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected, and transgene expression (CAT gene) and copy number were quantified.

Main Results:

The β-globin MAR significantly enhanced CAT reporter gene expression by over 2.1-fold.
Specific characteristic elements of the β-globin MAR did not enhance expression independently.
MAR presence increased CAT gene copy number by 1.2-fold, suggesting improved vector stability or integration.
Transgene expression levels showed a positive correlation with gene copy number, but not strictly linear.

Conclusions:

Matrix attachment regions can improve transgene expression levels in mammalian cells.
The overall MAR structure, not isolated elements, is responsible for enhancing gene expression.
Findings provide insights into optimizing expression vectors for biotechnological applications.