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Related Concept Videos

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
11:53

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Published on: December 9, 2012

Agricultural intensification escalates future conservation costs.

Jacob Phelps1, Luis Roman Carrasco, Edward L Webb

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543. jacob.phelps@gmail.com

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Agricultural intensification may not guarantee land sparing for conservation. Policies like REDD+ must account for rising land rents and escalating conservation costs to avoid future agricultural expansion and deforestation.

Keywords:
biodiversityland use changepayment for ecoysystem servicesslash and burnswidden

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
11:53

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm

Published on: December 9, 2012

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management
08:09

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management

Published on: September 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology
  • Agricultural Economics

Background:

  • The assumption that agricultural intensification leads to land sparing for conservation is a cornerstone of tropical policy.
  • This assumption is largely untested, especially within conservation incentive schemes like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, conservation, sustainable management, and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential for agricultural intensification to create unintended incentives for future land expansion.
  • To analyze how these incentives impact the long-term costs of conservation initiatives, particularly within REDD+ frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a conceptual framework linking agricultural intensification, land rents, and conservation costs.
  • Application of a von Thünen land rent model combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping.
  • Illustrative modeling of crop intensification in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Main Results:

  • Agricultural intensification can increase future agricultural land rents, creating new incentives for expansion and deforestation.
  • Conservation costs may escalate over time, potentially exceeding projected carbon credit prices.
  • Robust governance alone may be insufficient without adaptive conservation incentives.

Conclusions:

  • Conservation incentive schemes, such as REDD+, must consider the dynamic relationship between agricultural intensification and escalating land rents.
  • Failure to account for future land rents could lead to significantly higher conservation costs than anticipated.
  • Integrating future land rent considerations is crucial for designing sustainable and cost-effective conservation policies.