Use of 3-dimensional stereolithographic polymer models for heterotopic ossification surgical excision

Heterotopic ossification is a known complication of traumatic injuries. To minimize iatrogenic complications during excision, an understanding of anatomic relationships is essential. Current imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and plain radiographs, are limited to providing a 2-dimensional representation of a 3-dimensional problem. This study describes the benefits of 3-dimensional stereolithography in the perioperative management of symptomatic heterotopic ossification using models were that were fabricated based on high-resolution computed tomography scans. The models facilitated heterotopic ossification excision through frequent intraoperative reference, allowing the authors to avoid iatrogenic neurovascular injuries.