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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

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Related Experiment Video

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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

What is essential tremor?

Rodger J Elble1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19643, Springfield, IL 62794-9643, USA. relble@siumed.edu

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|April 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor (ET) is characterized by action tremor but may involve other neurological signs. Research suggests ET is not monosymptomatic and has underlying pathological heterogeneity.

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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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Published on: December 13, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is traditionally viewed as a monosymptomatic disorder primarily affecting the upper limbs.
  • Emerging evidence challenges this view, indicating associated non-motor and motor disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of essential tremor.
  • To highlight the heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges of essential tremor.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on essential tremor.
  • Analysis of clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence.

Main Results:

  • Essential tremor often presents with associated symptoms affecting gait, cognition, mood, and hearing.
  • Pathophysiological heterogeneity is supported by various lines of evidence.
  • Misdiagnosis is common due to overlooked signs and overlapping tremor causes.

Conclusions:

  • Essential tremor is a complex syndrome with potential for diverse manifestations beyond tremor.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific etiologies underlying the essential tremor syndrome.