Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sometimes Kids Really Are Just Little Adults: Early Access to High-Efficacy Therapy Decreases Disability in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Expert Recommendations for Rapid Response to Positive Newborn Screen for Infantile Krabbe Disease.

Neurology. Genetics·2026
Same author

Navigating new motor function trajectories: Consensus recommendations for assessment in the era of newborn screening and early treatment in SMA.

Journal of neuromuscular diseases·2026
Same author

New SMA era: A broad-range tiered assessment of function for the evolving SMA phenotype (EVOLVE-SMA).

Journal of neuromuscular diseases·2025
Same author

Gene therapy for children with X-linked myotubular myopathy: a plain language summary of publication for the ASPIRO study.

Therapeutic advances in rare disease·2025
Same author

Open-label phase IV trial evaluating nusinersen after onasemnogene abeparvovec in children with spinal muscular atrophy.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Diagnostic criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Jennifer P Rubin1, Nancy L Kuntz

  • 1Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E Chicago Ave, Box 51, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. jerubin@luriechildrens.org

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|April 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 2-5% of individuals, with diagnosis requiring recurrent central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and supportive evidence. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and management of pediatric MS.

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in children under 16 years old is rare, accounting for an estimated 2% to 5% of all cases.
  • Pediatric MS diagnosis mirrors adult criteria, necessitating recurrent central nervous system (CNS) demyelination episodes with supporting paraclinical data (MRI, CSF) and exclusion of other conditions.
  • The differential diagnosis for pediatric CNS demyelination is extensive, requiring careful consideration, especially in younger children or atypical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating pediatric MS from other neurological disorders like ADEM and NMO.
  • To underscore the critical need for accurate diagnosis in pediatric MS due to implications for long-term disease-modifying therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis based on recurrent CNS demyelination episodes.
  • Utilizing supportive paraclinical data, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis.
  • Excluding alternative diagnoses through comprehensive evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric MS diagnosis requires serial changes on MRI and exclusion of other disorders after an initial CNS demyelinating event or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
  • Accurate differentiation from conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is essential.
  • Children meeting criteria after initial presentation may be diagnosed with MS if serial MRI changes are observed and other conditions are ruled out.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pediatric MS is critical for initiating appropriate long-term disease-modifying therapy.
  • The diagnostic process for pediatric MS demands careful consideration of differential diagnoses.
  • Early and precise diagnosis ensures optimal management and prognosis for children with MS.