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Related Concept Videos

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

Special article: measuring mitochondrial oxygen tension: from basic principles to application in humans.

Egbert G Mik1

  • 1From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|April 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The novel protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX-TSLT) measures mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) in living tissues. This breakthrough allows real-time assessment of cellular oxygenation, with potential applications in critical care and cancer therapy.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
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Published on: May 19, 2023

Measurement of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Permeabilized Fibers of Drosophila Using Minimal Amounts of Tissue
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Measurement of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Permeabilized Fibers of Drosophila Using Minimal Amounts of Tissue

Published on: April 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) is crucial for understanding cellular respiration and tissue oxygenation.
  • Existing methods for assessing tissue oxygenation are limited in their ability to provide real-time, cellular-level data.
  • The protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX-TSLT) has emerged as a promising new approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX-TSLT) for measuring mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) in living cells and tissues.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of PpIX-TSLT for in vivo and clinical measurements.
  • To explore potential applications of PpIX-TSLT in clinical medicine and other fields.

Main Methods:

  • The PpIX-TSLT utilizes the oxygen-dependent quenching of the delayed fluorescence lifetime of 5-aminolevulinic-acid-enhanced mitochondrial protoporphyrin IX (PpIX).
  • PpIX, a mitochondrially located dye, emits red delayed fluorescence after excitation, with its lifetime inversely related to oxygen partial pressure (PO2) via the Stern-Volmer equation.
  • Measurements were performed in vivo in rat liver, heart, and skin, and clinically in healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • In vivo measurements in rats revealed surprisingly high mitoPO2 values, typically in the tens of mm Hg.
  • Clinical measurements of cutaneous mitoPO2 in healthy volunteers were successfully demonstrated.
  • The technique shows feasibility for human application and provides a direct measure of oxygen supply-demand balance at the cellular level.

Conclusions:

  • PpIX-TSLT is the first method capable of measuring mitoPO2 in living cells and tissues, representing a significant advancement in tissue oxygenation assessment.
  • The technique is feasible for human application, opening doors for clinical use in critical care, anesthesiology, and beyond.
  • Potential applications include monitoring resuscitation endpoints, managing oxygen homeostasis in critically ill patients, and providing feedback for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.