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Influenza C virus–associated community-acquired pneumonia in children

Nicola Principi, Alessia Scala, Cristina Daleno

    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
    |April 19, 2013
    PubMed

    Insights

    Influenza C virus (ICV) infection can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, similar to influenza A virus (IAV) but worse than influenza B virus (IBV). This study confirms ICV as a cause of pediatric CAP requiring hospitalization.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric infectious diseases
    • Virology
    • Respiratory medicine

    Background:

    • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of childhood morbidity.
    • Influenza viruses, including influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV), are known causes of pediatric respiratory illness.
    • The role of influenza C virus (ICV) in pediatric CAP remains less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and clinical impact of influenza C virus (ICV) infection in children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
    • To compare the clinical presentation and severity of ICV-associated CAP with CAP caused by other influenza strains (IAV and IBV).

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective evaluation of children with radiographically confirmed CAP over four influenza seasons.
    • Detection of ICV in respiratory secretions using molecular methods.
    • Comparison of clinical data between children with ICV-associated CAP and those with IAV- or IBV-associated CAP.
    • Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced ICV strains.

    Main Results:

    • ICV was identified in 1.3% (5/391) of children with CAP.
    • Clinical manifestations of ICV-associated CAP were comparable to IAV-associated CAP.
    • Children with ICV-associated CAP exhibited more severe symptoms than those with IBV-associated CAP.
    • Sequenced ICV strains belonged to two distinct lineages.

    Conclusions:

    • Influenza C virus is a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in children.
    • ICV-associated CAP can be severe, necessitating hospitalization.
    • Further research into ICV pathogenesis and epidemiology is warranted.

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