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Updated: May 12, 2026

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Published on: May 30, 2019

Urbanization and the global malaria recession.

Andrew J Tatem¹, Peter W Gething, David L Smith

¹Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK. andy.tatem@gmail.com

Malaria Journal

|April 19, 2013

Summary

Urbanization correlates with reduced malaria transmission globally. This trend, observed over the past century, suggests continued malaria declines in endemic regions, especially with enhanced control efforts.

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Area of Science:

Global health
Epidemiology
Urban studies

Background:

Malaria transmission has significantly decreased globally over the last century.
Over 50 countries are now malaria-free, with substantial reductions in endemic regions.
Climate is unlikely to be the primary driver of malaria decline; control measures and socioeconomic factors are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between urbanization and malaria transmission reduction over the past century.
To understand the impact of socioeconomic and landscape changes due to urbanization on malaria endemicity.
To quantify the effects of urbanization on global malaria decline.

Main Methods:

Combined global subnational data on malaria transmission intensity.
Analyzed historical urbanization trends over the past century.
Examined relationships across various spatial and temporal scales.

Main Results:

A consistent pattern of increased urbanization coincided with decreased malaria transmission and elimination.
This association was observed across diverse spatial and temporal scales.
The relationship between urbanization and malaria decline was evident irrespective of national wealth.

Conclusions:

Urbanization and reduced malaria transmission are closely linked, though causality is complex.
Continued urbanization in endemic areas likely portends further malaria declines.
Direct malaria control efforts are expected to catalyze these ongoing reductions.