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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Does circumferential stress help to explain flow-mediated dilation?

Lee Stoner1, James Faulkner, Simon Fryer

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. L.Stoner@massey.ac.nz

Ultrasound Quarterly
|April 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circumferential stress (CS) minimally impacts flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy young men, with shear stress (SS) remaining the primary driver. Further research is needed to explore CS effects in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Vascular physiology
  • Hemodynamics
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • The validity of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) testing is debated due to insufficient normalization to vasodilatory stimuli.
  • Hemodynamic forces near vessel walls include circumferential stress (CS) and shear stress (SS).
  • Shear stress (SS) is considered the primary stimulus for FMD, but the role of CS is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of circumferential stress (CS) to flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
  • To define FMD as the shear stress-diameter dose-response slope.

Main Methods:

  • Fourteen healthy, physically active young men (mean age 26) participated.
  • Progressive forearm heating and handgrip exercise induced steady increases in shear rate.
  • Hierarchical linear modeling analyzed changes in diameter relative to SS and CS.

Main Results:

  • Circumferential stress (CS) showed a positive association with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (β = 0.019, P = 0.019).
  • However, CS explained less than 1% of the variance in FMD.
  • Shear stress (SS) remains the dominant factor influencing FMD.

Conclusions:

  • The physiological impact of CS on FMD is minimal in healthy young men.
  • The role of CS in FMD may differ in populations with cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Further studies are warranted to explore CS effects in at-risk individuals.