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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

Emerging issues in acute ischemic stroke.

Xabier Urra1, Angel Chamorro

  • 1Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital ClĂ­nic, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Neurology
|April 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights effective acute stroke treatments like intravenous thrombolysis and ongoing research into mechanical thrombectomy. Emerging neuroprotective strategies, including immune system modulation, show promise for improving recovery after cerebral ischemia.

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The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-Laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo
06:38

The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-Laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo

Published on: December 19, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Acute stroke diagnosis and treatment remain critical areas of medical research.
  • The interplay between the brain and the immune system significantly impacts neurological recovery.
  • Advances in understanding cerebral ischemia are paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in acute stroke management.
  • To explore the role of the brain-immune system interaction in stroke outcomes.
  • To discuss emerging neuroprotective and revascularization therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent randomized trials and observational studies on stroke treatments.
  • Assessment of ongoing clinical trials for mechanical thrombectomy devices.
  • Analysis of experimental studies on neuroprotection and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is effective for qualifying acute stroke patients.
  • Mechanical thrombectomy devices are under investigation for large vessel occlusion stroke.
  • Experimental evidence suggests immune system modulation may enhance recovery from cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • Established treatments like t-PA remain vital for acute stroke care.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy and neuroprotective strategies.
  • Targeting the neurovascular unit and immune system offers potential for improved stroke recovery.