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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: October 21, 2021

Hippocampus-dependent learning influences hippocampal neurogenesis.

Jonathan R Epp¹, Carmen Chow, Liisa A M Galea

¹Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|April 19, 2013

Summary

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus generates new neurons throughout life. This review clarifies how learning impacts this process, revealing crucial factors influencing the role of new neurons in memory.

Keywords:

cell survival dentate gyrus hippocampus memory neurogenesis spatial learning

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Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: October 21, 2021

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

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Published on: August 11, 2019

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: May 12, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

The mammalian hippocampus continuously generates new neurons in the dentate gyrus throughout life.
The precise function of these adult-generated neurons in learning and memory remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize findings on how hippocampus-dependent learning influences adult neurogenesis.
To clarify the role of adult-generated neurons by examining their proliferation, survival, integration, and activation in response to memory retrieval.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature examining the effects of learning on neurogenesis.
Analysis of studies investigating factors influencing adult neurogenesis, including species, stress, and task difficulty.

Main Results:

Existing research presents conflicting data, suggesting learning can increase, decrease, or not alter hippocampal neurogenesis.
Numerous variables, including neuron age, species, stress, and methodological differences, critically affect these outcomes.

Conclusions:

Understanding the conditions under which learning impacts adult neurogenesis is key to elucidating the function of newly generated neurons.
Further research is needed to reconcile conflicting findings and establish a clear role for adult-generated neurons in hippocampal function.