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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Bone loss in Gorham's disease: A case study.

Bin Chen1, Xiaofeng Lv, Jinxiao Wu

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700;

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|April 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports a rare case of spontaneous osteolysis in an eight-year-old boy. Radiography revealed bone abnormalities, but further tests confirmed a non-malignant condition, with the patient remaining stable post-treatment.

Keywords:
Gorham’s diseasemaxillary boneprognosisradiotherapyribs

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous osteolysis is a rare bone disorder.
  • Early diagnosis and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of spontaneous osteolysis in an pediatric patient.
  • To describe the diagnostic process and initial management of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Radiography and bone scanography were used for initial assessment.
  • Biopsy of cervical rib and pleural effusion analysis were performed for definitive diagnosis.
  • Follow-up investigations and radiotherapy were utilized for management.

Main Results:

  • Absence of the right clavicle and osteolysis of the skull were identified.
  • Biopsy and effusion analysis ruled out malignancy and infection.
  • The patient showed a stable condition after radiotherapy, with no worsening of osteolysis.

Conclusions:

  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic workup for rare bone diseases.
  • Early intervention and radiotherapy can lead to stable disease in patients with spontaneous osteolysis.
  • Despite the condition's potential severity, favorable outcomes are possible with appropriate care.