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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

Antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction and its management.

Yeon Won Park¹, Yooseok Kim, Jun Ho Lee

¹Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

The World Journal of Men'S Health

|April 19, 2013

Summary

Sexual dysfunction is common with antipsychotics due to elevated prolactin. Prolactin-sparing drugs and treatments like sildenafil may offer solutions for improved patient compliance.

Keywords:

Antipsychotic agents Management Sexual dysfunction

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Pharmacology
Endocrinology

Background:

Sexual dysfunction is a frequent and bothersome side effect of antipsychotic medications.
Hyperprolactinemia, often caused by dopamine D2 receptor blockade, is a primary driver of antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction.
This adverse effect negatively impacts patient adherence to treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the relationship between antipsychotic medications, hyperprolactinemia, and sexual dysfunction.
To compare the rates of sexual dysfunction associated with prolactin-elevating versus prolactin-sparing antipsychotics.
To evaluate the efficacy of sildenafil in treating antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction.
Categorization of antipsychotics based on their effect on prolactin levels (prolactin-elevating vs. prolactin-sparing).
Analysis of clinical trial data, including placebo-controlled studies on sildenafil treatment.

Main Results:

Typical antipsychotics like risperidone are associated with higher rates of sexual dysfunction compared to atypical, prolactin-sparing agents (e.g., olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole).
Sildenafil demonstrated significantly improved erectile function in patients experiencing sexual dysfunction compared to placebo.
Hyperprolactinemia is a key mechanism linking certain antipsychotics to sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction is a significant clinical issue, often linked to hyperprolactinemia.
Switching to prolactin-sparing antipsychotics or utilizing pharmacologic interventions like sildenafil can be effective management strategies.
Further research is essential to optimize treatment and improve patient outcomes.