Heart failure in North America.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health concern impacting patients and healthcare systems.
• North America exhibits considerable variation in HF epidemiology due to economic, genetic, cultural, and treatment trends.
• Industrialized nations like the US and Canada face rising HF incidence linked to lifestyle changes and aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze inter- and intra-continental disparities in heart failure (HF) across North America.
• To explore the influence of economic development, demographics, and risk factors on HF prevalence and management.
• To identify potential strategies for improved HF prevention and treatment based on regional differences.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of epidemiological data across the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
• Examination of demographic trends, including urbanization and ethnic variations.
• Review of risk factors, disease etiology (e.g., heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Significant differences exist in HF etiology, severity, and management between industrialized (US, Canada) and transitioning economies (Mexico).
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction constitutes about half of North American HF admissions, with notable demographic and etiological variations.
• Ethnic disparities within the US and Canada highlight evolving demographics and potential care inequities.

Conclusions:

• Understanding North American HF differences is crucial for advancing the global understanding of the HF epidemic.
• Addressing economic, demographic, and ethnic variations can inform tailored prevention and treatment strategies.
• Varied approaches to managing the economic burden of HF necessitate further investigation for optimal healthcare system support.