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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Nipple reduction using a three-dimensional Z-shaped incision technique.

Min Ren1, Ying Wang, Benzhong Wang

  • 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, PR China. renmin1977@yahoo.com.cn

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|April 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A novel Z-shaped incision technique effectively reduces nipple height, diameter, and base in hypertrophic nipple reduction surgery. This method achieves satisfactory aesthetic results without compromising nipple function or causing complications.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • Nipple hypertrophy presents an aesthetic challenge, often causing patient discomfort.
  • Existing surgical methods struggle to achieve a cylindrical nipple shape.
  • A new 3D Z-shaped incision technique is proposed for nipple reshaping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel three-dimensional Z-shaped incision technique for nipple reduction.
  • To assess the efficacy of this technique in reducing nipple dimensions and improving aesthetics.
  • To determine the functional and safety outcomes of the procedure.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 44 nipple reductions in 22 women using the 3D Z-shaped incision technique.
  • The technique utilizes specific incision lines (circles, quadrangle, triangle) to modify nipple height, diameter, and base.

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  • Symmetrical bilateral nipple design was employed.

    • Main Results:

    • 44 hypertrophic nipples in 22 women (aged 18-42) were treated.
    • Mean follow-up was 28 months, with long-term patient satisfaction surveys indicating positive outcomes.
    • No complications like nipple necrosis, infection, or numbness were reported.

    Conclusions:

    • The 3D Z-shaped incision technique successfully reduces nipple height, diameter, and basal width.
    • This method creates a desired cylindrical nipple shape.
    • The technique preserves neurovascular supply and nipple functions effectively.