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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Applying the RatWalker System for Gait Analysis in a Genetic Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
04:08

Applying the RatWalker System for Gait Analysis in a Genetic Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 18, 2021

Ambulation and Parkinson disease.

Shinichi Amano1, Ryan T Roemmich, Jared W Skinner

  • 1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|April 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson disease causes gait and postural problems. This review covers the causes, symptoms, and treatments like medication, surgery, and physical therapy for these Parkinson

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Motor and nonmotor symptoms significantly impact patient quality of life.
  • Postural instability and gait disturbance are particularly debilitating features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuropathology underlying motor deficits in Parkinson disease.
  • To describe the behavioral manifestations of gait and postural abnormalities.
  • To discuss current pharmacologic, surgical, and physical therapy interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on Parkinson disease-related gait and postural issues.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies including medical, surgical, and rehabilitative approaches.

Main Results:

  • Understanding the neuropathology provides insight into motor deficits.
  • Behavioral observations highlight the spectrum of gait and postural disturbances.
  • A multimodal treatment approach combining interventions is often necessary.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of postural instability and gait disturbance requires a thorough understanding of the disease.
  • Integrating pharmacologic, surgical, and physical therapy strategies can improve patient outcomes.
  • This review provides clinicians and therapists with updated knowledge to enhance patient care.