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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Preventive vaccines for tuberculosis.

Thomas G Evans1, Michael J Brennan, Lew Barker

  • 1Aeras, 1405 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850, USA. tevans@aeras.org

Vaccine
|April 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are crucial as the current BCG vaccine has limited global impact. Research focuses on tailored vaccines for different patient groups and stages of TB infection to reduce incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) causes nearly ten million new cases and 1.4 million deaths annually worldwide.
  • The existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine shows minimal impact on global TB incidence, despite some efficacy in infants.
  • Novel vaccine development is accelerating, with multiple candidates in human trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of novel tuberculosis vaccine development.
  • To identify challenges and future directions in TB vaccine research.
  • To highlight the need for diverse vaccine strategies based on disease state, age, and patient health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in TB vaccine research and development.

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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

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06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

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06:38

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

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  • Analysis of clinical trial progress, including Phase 2b efficacy studies.
  • Discussion of modeling data on the potential impact of mass vaccination strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • At least 16 novel TB vaccine candidates have entered human trials.
    • Different vaccines may be required for various disease states (naïve, latent, active), age groups, and patient health statuses (e.g., HIV).
    • Modeling suggests mass vaccination of latently infected adolescents and young adults could significantly reduce new TB infections.

    Conclusions:

    • TB vaccine R&D faces hurdles including lack of validated animal models, immunity correlates, and human challenge models.
    • Ongoing research and clinical studies are expected to overcome these barriers within five years.
    • Future efforts will enhance understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity and protective immunity across infection stages.