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The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

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Cognitive functions in patients with liver cirrhosis: a tendency to commit more memory errors.

Irena Ciećko-Michalska¹, Jan Wójcik, Magdalena Senderecka

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. michalska@su.krakow.pl

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

|April 20, 2013

Summary

Patients with liver cirrhosis show more memory errors, likely due to executive function deficits, even in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Further cognitive assessment is needed for a clear MHE profile.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Hepatology
Psychology

Background:

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is the earliest stage of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
Current diagnostic tools for MHE include two distinct psychometric test batteries.
These batteries assess different cognitive domains, leading to potential inconsistencies in diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cognitive functioning profile in liver cirrhosis patients.
To utilize a comprehensive cognitive assessment beyond standard MHE screening tools.
To explore the utility of the Mental Rotation Test (MRT) in MHE assessment.

Main Methods:

138 individuals (88 liver cirrhosis patients, 50 healthy controls) were evaluated.
Initial screening for cognitive impairment used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Detailed cognitive assessment included the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Fluency Tests (LF, SF), Trail Making Test (TMT A&B), Digit Symbol Test (DST), Block Design Test (BDT), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT).

Main Results:

Liver cirrhosis patients made significantly more intrusion errors on the AVLT's delayed free recall.
Only 7 out of 88 cirrhosis patients exhibited results deviating from the norm in at least two cognitive tests.
No distinct cognitive profile specific to MHE was identified.

Conclusions:

The study did not reveal a specific cognitive profile for MHE.
Cirrhosis patients demonstrate a tendency towards increased memory errors.
Subtle executive function impairments may underlie these memory deficits in liver cirrhosis.