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Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Locus of Control01:26

Locus of Control

Locus of control describes how individuals perceive the causes of events in their lives, influencing motivation and well-being. Introduced by Julian Rotter in 1954, it is categorized into internal and external locus of control.Internal Locus of ControlIndividuals with an internal locus of control believe their actions determine outcomes, fostering responsibility, self-efficacy, and motivation. For example, an employee may attribute career success to hard work. Research links this mindset to...
Personal Choice and Fate Attributions01:19

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Work01:22

Work

Work is done when energy is transferred from one object to another. In other words, work is when a force acts on something that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can be along various paths between two points. The increment of work (dW) done by a force acting through an infinitesimal displacement can be defined as the dot product of force () and displacement () vectors.
The dot product can be expressed in terms of...
Work01:14

Work

Work is a fundamental concept of mechanical engineering and has many applications. Understanding how work is calculated and the different types of work can help us better understand physical processes and provide insights into complex problems.
Work is defined as the result of a force acting on an object, causing it to move along the line of action of force. It is also defined as the process of transferring energy through the application of force on an object, resulting in its displacement.

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Luck, jobs and learning.

Eve Marder1

  • 1is an eLife Senior Editor, and is at the Department of Biology and the Volen National Center for Complex Systems , Brandeis University , Waltham , United States marder@brandeis.edu.

Elife
|April 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Luck and chance significantly influence major personal and professional life events. Understanding this role of randomness is key to navigating life

Keywords:
Living sciencecareers in sciencegrad schoolpostdocs

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • The role of chance in decision-making and life outcomes is often underestimated.
  • Understanding the impact of randomness is crucial for accurate self-assessment and strategic planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pervasive influence of luck and chance on significant life events.
  • To highlight the importance of acknowledging randomness in personal and professional trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical inquiry and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of anecdotal evidence and case studies.

Main Results:

  • Key personal and professional milestones are demonstrably shaped by unpredictable factors.
  • A significant portion of success and failure can be attributed to elements beyond individual control.

Conclusions:

  • Acknowledging the role of luck is essential for a realistic perspective on life.
  • Future research should further investigate the interplay between agency and chance in shaping human experience.