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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant use.Gastric UlcersGastric ulcers share...
Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic ulcer disease develops when protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa are overwhelmed by harmful factors, leading to localized erosions in the stomach or proximal duodenum. The main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Helicobacter pylori–Induced InjuryBacterial Adaptation and Colonization:H. pylori is a spiral, Gram-negative bacterium adapted to the acidic stomach. and transmitted through oral-oral or...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease: current patterns and practices.

Kara-Marie H Delaney1, Karen C Axelrod, Ashley Buscetta

  • 1National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1476, USA.

Hemoglobin
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Leg ulcers remain a significant problem for sickle cell disease patients. Current treatments like hydroxyurea and transfusions are common, but consensus on the best approach is lacking.

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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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08:23

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Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Leg ulcers are a serious complication for sickle cell disease patients.
  • Previous studies indicated a 2.5% frequency in North America over 20 years ago.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the frequency of leg ulcers in US sickle cell patients has decreased.
  • To identify the most common treatments used by healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • An email survey was sent to health professionals in the national Sickle Cell Adult Provider Network.
  • Responses were collected from 31 providers (26.0% response rate).

Main Results:

  • 96% of providers reported having patients with leg ulcers.
  • A total of 409 patients with leg ulcers were reported (185 active, 224 in the past 5 years).
  • Hydroxyurea or transfusion therapy, compression stockings, and topical treatments were common interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Leg ulcers continue to affect young adults with sickle cell disease despite advancements in care.
  • While disease-modifying agents are used, there is no clear consensus on optimal treatment strategies.
  • Specialty consultations (podiatry, plastic surgery, dermatology) are frequently sought for ulcer management.