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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
10:37

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Published on: January 16, 2015

Emphysema in asymptomatic smokers: quantitative CT evaluation in correlation with pulmonary function tests.

K Yasunaga1, N Chérot-Kornobis, J-L Edmé

  • 1Department of Thoracic Imaging, Hospital Calmette, EA 2694, boulevard Jules-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France.

Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative CT reveals emphysema in asymptomatic smokers, correlating with lung function changes like increased lung volumes. This imaging technique detects early, subclinical alterations in smokers.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Quantitative Imaging

Background:

  • Emphysema is a significant component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
  • Asymptomatic smokers represent an early stage of potential lung damage.
  • Early detection of emphysema is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify emphysema in asymptomatic smokers.
  • To correlate emphysema presence and extent with pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
  • To identify regional emphysema distribution using CT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Volumetric high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans of the chest were performed.
  • Automated software quantified emphysema percentage.
  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) including FRC, RV, TLC, TLCO, and expiratory flows were conducted.
  • Study included 75 smokers (current and ex-smokers) and 25 non-smokers.

Main Results:

  • Current smokers showed higher emphysema percentages in the right lung and upper lobe.
  • Smokers with emphysema had significantly increased Functional Residual Capacity (FRC), Residual Volume (RV), and Total Lung Capacity (TLC).
  • Emphysema percentage correlated with cigarette consumption and alterations in TLC, FRC, RV, and Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO).

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative CT effectively identifies regional emphysema in smokers.
  • Subclinical functional alterations are detectable in smokers with emphysema.
  • HRCT provides valuable insights into early lung damage in smokers.