Twenty-five cases of adult prostate sarcoma treated at a high-volume institution from 1989 to 2009

To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of adult prostate sarcoma treated at our institution.

The medical records of 25 adult patients with prostate sarcoma were obtained from January 1989 to December 2009. The clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated to determine their effect on survival.

The median age was 37 years (range 18-81). The median tumor size was 9.5 cm (range 4-25). The median serum prostate-specific antigen level was 1.39 ng/mL (range 0.39-33.20). The most common symptom was dysuria (72%). Transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was used to diagnose 22 sarcomas, transurethral resection of the prostate to diagnose 2, and open surgery to diagnose 1. The predominant histologic subtype was leiomyosarcoma (40%); 21 (88%) were high grade and 6 patients had metastatic disease. Surgical resection of curative intent was performed in 14 patients, with negative margins in 10. After a median follow-up of 21 months (range 5-63), 2 patients were disease free, 4 were alive with disease, and 19 had died of their disease. Overall, the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 80.0%, 47.4%, 22.6%, and 11.3%, respectively, and the median survival time was 23 months. The median survival time after recurrence was 20 months (range 9-39) and that after metastasis was 10 months (range 3-23). Age >50 years, metastasis at presentation, and a lack of surgery with curative intent were independently predictive of an unfavorable outcome.

Adult prostate sarcoma accounted for 0.7% of primary prostate malignancies and carried a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and surgical resection with curative intent offer patients the best chance of survival.